Originally posted by robi
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The idea of having half a sphere with the entrance in the middle is to create a uniform distribution of heat throughout the oven.
If you create the entrance on one side, then one side of the dome will be hotter than the other due to the irregularity in the convection turbulence.This may cause the mortar and firebricks to expand and contract in an un-uniform way on either sides of the dome. It will cause imbalance in contraction and expansion of the dome on one side differently to the other. The uniformity is needed so that the contraction and expansion occurs in a uniform way so that the structure of the dome moves uniformly which means it remains stable during extraction and expansion. Expansion and contraction due to heat changes will crack the dome on one side more than the other which may cause imbalance in the structure. Imagine an egg and you assert an equal pressure uniformly on it... it will never crack, however if you do it on one side the egg will crack.
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