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I didn't use fireclay or cement, as i wanted a more traditional approach.
I used a simple Hyraulic Lime mortar of 1 part NHL2: 1 part washed soft sand: 1 part washed sharp sand.
I contacted a few lime mortar artisans and a local guy to me who built a pottery kiln from red brick and lime mortar, and all said that i should be fine. The old ovens were built this way!
I only had an issue with the Lime Render being too "young" to handle such a harsh winter for the UK and its popped off. So, that's a job to repair soon, along with a revised chimney. I'm looking forward to more oven work!!
Good luck with your build.
p.s. if you wanted fine joints internally then a fine sand alone would suffice, then prop the outer edge with a tile or piece of timber. Once the joint has firmed up, you could point up the outer, larger joint, with a sharp sand mix.
Many have also foregone the fireclay and to my knowledge have been fine.
The more irregular the grains of sand, the stronger the mortar, but needs a thicker bed.
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