Once you get your arch template in/out location confirmed per what Russell wrote?
For your base bricks, the GREEN line is the radius of the inside of your dome (16"). The purple segment is an extension of the green line, the length of the purple segment is the same as the thickness of your dome (generally 4-1/2" when using half bricks).
With the green line (essentially your IT) anchored at the center of the floor, move the other end of it (the brick positioning end of your IT) left or right so the length of the PURPLE portion of the green line is the same as the thickness of your dome. Then cut the brick along the red and purple lines.
An alternative would be to use a piece of string anchored at the center point of the floor. Make two marks on the string, one 16" from the dome center, the other 20-1/2" (16" dome radius plus 4-1/2" dome thickness) from the dome center. Draw that string tight, hold it against the side of the arch brick, and mark the arch brick. Cut, place, move on to the next one.
If you were to use the strong method on the brick that I marked up in the photo, the 16" mark on the string would be on "inside of the dome" end of that purple line, the 20-1/2" mark would be at the "outside of the dome" end of the purple line.
Per your question, if you wanted to you could add a slight arc/curve to the edge of the brick that makes up the inside face of the dome. But no need. Unless you're having a really bad day down the road, it'll never be seen again once the dome gets plugged.
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